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I tramped. When I was on the freight trains, I wasn't looking for work. I was looking to go from place to place without paying any money. ”
A well-functioning transmission should at some point go from the overnight right up to 40 years, and that is the ultimate objective in having monetary transmission that affects the whole gamut of borrowing tenure. ”
One of the things that the public sector banks need to do is to raise private capital from the market and not rely on government largesse. ”
What is important is that in a capital-scarce country like India, the real interest rate needs to be positive enough to encourage healthy growth of financial savings; we get into macro difficulties when real rates on financial savings become negative for a length of time. ”
This is a once in a lifetime event. It is very rare to remove 86% of the currency in circulation in one go. The logistics of such an operation are mammoth. ”
People were holding high denomination notes to keep tax unaccounted for money. Some sectors like real estate were using cash to avoid tax. ”
There are tens of thousands of bank branches and 4,000 currency chests. We need to be careful and try that this is a number which is not a mere estimate but a verified number both physically and in the accounting sense. ”
People have asked why the new currency introduced was different in size and thickness from the old. This is because the new currency has been designed to make it hard to counterfeit. When you are going to make a change of this magnitude, you need to get the best standards in place. ”
Enhanced transparency has helped to reinforce the stability of India's financial system. ”
The best way that a central bank can support growth on a durable basis is to ensure inflation is low, stable - there is financial stability - and that is the role that the central bank plays. ”